Clinical observation on perioperative complications of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To compare and analyze the perioperative clinical effects of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (MIE-Ivor-Lewis) and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE-McKeown). Methods: A total of 147 patients who underwent endoscopic esophageal cancer surgery from April 2018 to August 2019 were selected, including 85 patients undergoing MIE-McKeown surgery and 62 patients undergoing MIE-Ivor-Lewis surgery. The measurement data were expressed as (x±s), the comparison of normally distributed measurement data was performed by independent sample t-test, and the comparison of count data was performed by χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test. Results: The operation time of McKeown (M) group and Ivor-Lewis (IL) group were (219.2±72.4) minutes and (225.8±65.3) minutes. The mediastinal lymph node dissection number of M and IL groups were 13.3±4.8 and 11.6±6.5, respectively. The number of left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node dissection were 3.5±1.2 and 3.1±1.4, respectively. The intraoperative blood loss were (178.3±41.3) ml and (163.2±64.1) ml, respectively. The number of patients reoperated for postoperative bleeding were 1 and 0, respectively. The number of patients with postoperative gastric bleeding were 0 and 1, respectively. The postoperative chest tube retention time were (2.8±1.3) days and (3.1±1.2) days, respectively. The number of patients with anastomotic leakage were 7 and 1, respectively. The number of patients with lung infection were 13 and 5, respectively, and with chylothorax were 2 and 1, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The number of patients with hoarseness were 11 and 3, respectively. The total incidence of complication were 41.2% (35/85) and 17.7% (11/62), and the postoperative hospital stay were (14.7±6.5) days and (12.3±2.3) days, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: MIE-Ivor-Lewis and MIE-McKeown are safe and effective in treating esophageal cancer, but the complication of MIE-Ivor-Lewis is less than that of MIE-Mckeown, and the perioperative clinical effect of MIE-Ivor-Lewis is better than that of MIE-McKeown.

Evaluación de técnicas mínimamente invasivas en el diagnóstico de enfermedades benignas y malignas del tórax / An Assessment of Minimally Invasive Techniques for the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Thoracic Diseases

Introducción: Los cambios en la tecnología médica abarcan todas las especialidades y dentro de ellas, en la cirugía general. Las técnicas mínimamente invasivas han ocupado un papel cimero en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades en la cavidad torácica. Objetivo: Describir el uso de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas en el diagnóstico de enfermedades intratorácicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo de corte transversal para evaluar el uso de técnicas mínimamente invasivas en el diagnóstico de las enfermedades intratorácicas en el Hospital Universitario "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" desde enero de 2017 hasta mayo de 2020. El universo estuvo compuesto por 104 pacientes con sospecha diagnóstica de enfermedades benignas o malignas del tórax. Resultados: La mayor parte de los pacientes con enfermedades benignas y malignas del tórax tenían una edad de 49 (±7,05) años, sin significación intersexo. La hipertensión arterial predominó como principal comorbilidad. La videotoracoscopia fue la técnica mínimamente invasiva más empleada y la sospecha de cáncer pulmonar y enfermedad pleural constituyeron las indicaciones más frecuentes que motivaron el proceder. El diagnóstico posoperatorio que predominó en la serie fue el cáncer pulmonar. Las técnicas mínimamente invasivas empleadas mostraron una alta validez. La mayoría de los pacientes egresaron vivos y sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: El uso de técnicas mínimamente invasivas en varias enfermedades intratorácicas son de vital importancia para definir diagnóstico y tratamiento(AU)

Introduction: Changes in medical technology cover all specialties and, within them, general surgery. Minimally invasive techniques have played a paramount role in the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic cavity diseases. Objective: To describe the use of minimally invasive techniques in the diagnosis of intrathoracic diseases. Methods: An observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, from January 2017 to May 2020, in order to assess the use of minimally invasive techniques in the diagnosis of intrathoracic diseases at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital. The universe was made up of 104 patients with suspected benign or malignant diseases of the chest. Results: Most of the patients with benign and malignant chest diseases were 49 (± 7.05) years old, without intersex significance. Arterial hypertension predominated as the main comorbidity. Videothoracoscopy was the most widely used minimally invasive technique, while suspicion of lung cancer and pleural disease were the most frequent indications that motivated the procedure. The postoperative diagnosis that predominated in the series was lung cancer. The minimally invasive techniques used showed high validity. Most of the patients were discharged alive and without complications. Conclusions: The use of minimally invasive techniques in various intrathoracic diseases are of vital importance to define diagnosis and treatment(AU)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

SUMMARY The minimally invasive procedures (mips) for the treatment of symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) are presented as attractive techniques due to their ease of accomplishment and the possibility of outpatient treatment. This guideline aims to present recommendations that may assist in decision making in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and indication of the different minimally invasive therapies. For this, a systematic review of the literature was performed, with the descriptors according to the pico: patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia, minimally invasive therapy, clinical outcome and adverse events. With no time restriction, in medline, cochrane central and lilacs databases via vhl, 1,007 papers were retrieved, of which 16 were selected to respond to clinical doubt. Details of the methodology and results of this guideline are set out in annex I

Trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada, una alternativa quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva para el glaucoma / Modified gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy, a minimally invasive surgical alternative for glaucoma

En una enfermedad como el glaucoma, considerada la segunda causa de ceguera en Cuba y en el mundo, el tratamiento quirúrgico ha experimentado una evolución sorprendente y se buscan opciones más sencillas, eficaces y con un posoperatorio tranquilo. En el departamento de Glaucoma del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología se comenzó a realizar una modificación de la trabeculotomía gonioasistida y es de interés presentarla mediante la evolución posoperatoria a corto plazo de un caso clínico. Se trata de un paciente de 72 años de edad, con catarata y glaucoma descompensado, a pesar del tratamiento médico. Se presenta con 50 VAR de visión y presión intraocular de 26 mmHg. Se realizó cirugía combinada: facoemulsificación y trabeculotomía gonioasistida modificada. Se lograron cifras de presión intraocular de 18 mmHg y agudeza visual mejor corregida de 100 VAR a los 6 meses posoperatorios(AU)

In a disease such as glaucoma, considered the second main cause of blindness both in Cuba and worldwide, surgical treatment has experienced surprising development, and simpler, more effective alternatives as well as a quiet postoperative period are constantly sought. At the glaucoma department of the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology a modification has started to be performed of gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy. It would be interesting to present it by describing the short-term postoperative evolution of the clinical case of a 72-year-old male patient with cataract and decompensated glaucoma despite medical treatment. At presentation, the patient's vision was 50 VAR and intraocular pressure 26 mmHg. Combined surgery was performed: phacoemulsification and modified gonioscopy-assisted trabeculotomy. Six months after surgery, intraocular pressure was 18 mmHg and best corrected visual acuity was 100 VAR(AU)

Propuesta de instrumento para evaluar la calidad percibida por pacientes tratados por cirugía de mínimo acceso / Proposition of a questionnaire to evaluate the patient-perceived quality on minimal access surgery

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía de mínimo acceso ha tenido un desarrollo importante en las últimas dos décadas en Cuba. La satisfacción de la población con estos servicios, de innegable predilección por su efectividad e inocuidad, es cada vez mayor, sin embargo en la actualidad el nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes sobre bases científicas no se conoce. Objetivo: Elaborar y validar por expertos un instrumento para medir la percepción de la calidad de la atención médica que tienen los pacientes operados por cirugía de mínimo acceso. Métodos: Se elaboró y validó por expertos, un instrumento de medición, incluida la encuesta y estándares, para evaluar la calidad de la atención médica percibida por los pacientes operados, en las dimensiones de estructura, proceso y resultado. Resultados: El 100 por ciento de las preguntas fueron consideradas por los expertos justificables y pertinentes en el instrumento. Tres preguntas no cumplieron alguno de los requisitos de Moriyama y fueron modificadas. Fueron incorporados nuevos ítems relacionados fundamentalmente con procesos de atención médica. Se modificó la escala ordinal de Likert de cinco pasos por una de cuatro pasos. Se fijaron los estándares de calidad iguales o superiores al 80 por ciento, para cada uno de los tres niveles: por cada dimensión, por cada criterio para el conjunto de evaluados y por cada paciente según todos los criterios. Conclusión: El estudio aporta un instrumento validado por expertos, para evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes en el ámbito de la cirugía de mínimo acceso(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the last two decades Minimal Access Surgery has had an important development in Cuba. Patient satisfaction with these services is higher, nevertheless today it is not well knows on a scientific basis. Objective: design and validate by experts a measurement instrument to assess the patient-perceived quality of patients operated by minimal access surgery. Methods: A measurement instrument, including questionnaire and standards, was developed and validated by experts, to evaluate the patient-perceived quality in the dimensions structure, process and results. Results: The experts considered the one hundred percent of questions in the instrument justified and relevant. Only three questions no fulfilled with one of the Moriyama's requirement and were improved. New items related with processes criteria were included. The ordinal 5-point Likert scale was modified to 4-point scale. Quality standards were fixed to 80 percent or higher for each of three levels: each dimension, each criterion for all evaluated and each patient according to all criteria. Conclusion: The study shows a validated instrument by experts to evaluate the patient's satisfaction in minimal access surgery(AU)

Evolución y pronóstico oncológico de fístulas anastomóticas esofágicas en el tratamiento del cáncer de esófago: estudio comparativo según vía de ascenso de tubo gástrico / Outcome and oncological prognosis of esophageal anastomotic fistulas in the treatment of esophageal cancer: comparative study according to gastric tube ascent

Resumen Introducción La filtración de anastomosis esofágica es un evento que se asocia a mala evolución postoperatoria Su frecuencia y gravedad dependerá principalmente de aspectos técnicos quirúrgicos. Objetivos Analizar la frecuencia, manejo y pronóstico de las filtraciones de anastomosis esofágicas en esofagectomías por cáncer comparando la vía de ascenso del tubo gástrico y sitio de anastomosis. Material y Método Análisis de base prospectiva de pacientes con cáncer esofágico sometidos a esofagectomía. Análisis estadístico con test exacto de Fisher. Resultados De un total de 37 pacientes con cáncer esofágico tratados en nuestra institución en el período de estudio (5 años), se incluyeron 34 esofagectomías totalmente mini invasivas secundarias a cáncer de esófago. Un 79,4% correspondieron a esofagectomías totales con anastomosis cervical, en el 20,6% restante se realizó esofagectomía distal con anastomosis intratorácica. La tasa de filtración de la anastomosis esofágica fue de un 38,2% (13/34), todas fueron secundarias a esofagectomías totales. De estas un 69,2% (9/13) se clasificaron como Clavien - Dindo I-II. La tasa de filtración fue de 54,5% (6/11) para ascenso retroesternal y 43,7% (7/16) para ascenso mediastínico, sin ser estadísticamente diferente (p = 1,0). La tasa de reoperaciones fue de un 11,7%, siendo en todas secundario a ascensos mediastínicos posteriores, de estas fueron 3 casos de aseos vídeo-toracoscópicos y una reparación de vena innominada. No existió diferencia estadística entre las vías de ascenso y la tasa de reoperaciones (p = 0,26). La serie presentó una mortalidad quirúrgica de 5,8% concentrados todos en el grupo de pacientes con esofagectomías totales con ascenso mediastínico posterior. Conclusión Las filtraciones en anastomosis esofágicas son frecuentes en pacientes operados con intención curativa de cáncer esofágico. Las filtraciones de anastomosis esofágicas cervicales con ascenso retroesternal no requirieron reoperaciones, ni presentaron mortalidad postoperatoria.

Introduction Post operative leaks of esophageal anastomosis after esophagectomy is a risky event associated with poor postoperative evolution. Its frequency and severity will depend mainly on surgical technical aspects. Objectives To analyze the frequency, management and prognosis of leakage of esophageal anastomosis after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Material and Method Analysis of our prospective oncologic database of patients with esophageal cancers submmitted to esofagectomy. Statistical analysis with Fisher's exact test. Results 34 out of 37 esophageal cancer patients were included submitted to completely invasive mini esophagectomy. Cervical anastomosis was performed in 79.4% of patients, in the remaining 20.6%, a distal esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis was performed. The leak rate was 38.2% (13/34), of these, 69.2% (9/13) correspond to grade Clavien - Dindo I - II complications. The leak rate was 54.5% (6/11) for retro-sternal gastric ascensus and 43.7% (7/16) for mediastinal route, without significative difference (p = 1.0). The reoperation rate was 11.7%, being a 100% secondary to mediastinal ascensus, 3 of them were submitted to thoracoscopic toilets and an innominate vein repair. Postoperative mortality rate was 5.8%, all concentrated in the group of patients with posterior mediastinal ascensus, but without statistical difference (p = 0.26). Conclusion Leaks are frequent in patients operated on for esophageal cancer, especially after cervical esophago-gastro-anastomosis with anterior route for ascensus. However, retro-sternal ascensus did not require re-operations, nor postoperative mortality compared to gastric ascensus through posterior mediastinum

Hernia paraesofágica con vólvulo gástrico / Paraesophageal hernia with gastric volvulus

La hernia hiatal tipo IV es la más rara. Se puede reparar por vía abdominal o torácica y por la cirugía laparoscópica mínimo invasiva. Paciente de 67 años de edad, de sexo femenino, que presentaba desde hace más menos 5 meses cuadros de vómitos postprandiales inmediatos con repercusión en el estado nutricional, llega con deshidratación ligera al servicio de urgencias, se realiza panendoscopia digestiva superior de urgencia diagnosticándose una hernia paraesofágica con el estómago intratorácico, se complementó el estudio con una serie esófago-gastroduodenal corroborando el diagnóstico de vólvulo gástrico órgano-axial. Se discute el caso en colectivo y se decide su corrección quirúrgica por vía laparoscópica con evolución satisfactoria(AU)

The hiatal hernia type IV is the weirdest. It can be treated abdominal or thooracic via using lowest invasive laparoscopic surgery. 67 years old patient, famela, who was suffring from postprandial vomiting, affecting her nutritional condition.Patient gets to emergency suffering from light dehydration. An upper digestive panendoscopy is done.Diagnosis: Paraesophageal hernia in intrathoracic stomach the medical examinationwas complemented with a esophagus - gastorduodenal study, assuring the gastric volvulus axial- organ diagnosis. The case is analyzed by medical team and patient was treather surgically through laparoscopic surgery. Patient improved satisfactorily(AU)

Perioperative Surgical Complications and Learning Curve Associated with Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Single-Institute Experience

BACKGROUND: As surgical complications tend to occur more frequently in the beginning stages of a surgeon's career, knowledge of perioperative complications is important to perform a safe procedure, especially if the surgeon is a novice. We sought to identify and describe perioperative complications and their management in connection with minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of our first 124 patients who underwent minimally invasive TLIF. The primary outcome measure was adverse events during the perioperative period, including neurovascular injury, implant-related complications, and wound infection. Pseudarthroses and adjacent segment pathologies were not included in this review. Adverse events that were not specifically related to spinal surgery and did not affect recovery were also excluded. RESULTS: Perioperative complications occurred in 9% of patients (11/124); including three cases of temporary postoperative neuralgia, two deep wound infections, two pedicle screw misplacements, two cage migrations, one dural tear, and one grafted bone extrusion. No neurologic deficits were reported. Eight complications occurred in the first one-third of the series and only 3 complications occurred in the last two-thirds of the series. Additional surgeries were performed in 6% of patients (7/124); including four reoperations (two for cage migrations, one for a misplaced screw, and one for an extruded graft bone fragment) and three hardware removals (one for a misplaced screw and two for infected cages). CONCLUSIONS: We found perioperative complications occurred more often in the early period of a surgeon's experience with minimally invasive TLIF. Implant-related complications were common and successfully managed by additional surgeries in this series. We suggest greater caution should be exercised to avoid the potential complications, especially when surgeon is a novice to this procedure.

Single-site robotic surgery in gynecologic cancer: a pilot study / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility of single-site robotic surgery for benign gynecologic tumors and early stage gynecologic cancers. METHODS: In this single institution, prospective analysis, we analyzed six patients who had undergone single-site robotic surgery between December 2013 and August 2014. Surgery was performed using the da Vinci Si Surgical System. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Single-site robotic surgery was performed successfully in all six cases. The median patient age was 48 years, and the median body mass index was 25.5 kg/m2 (range, 22 to 33 kg/m2). The median total operative time was 211 minutes, and the median duration of intracorporeal vaginal cuff suturing was 32 minutes (range, 22 to 47 minutes). The median duration of pelvic lymph node dissection was 31 minutes on one side and 27 minutes on the other side. Patients' postoperative courses were uneventful. The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days. No postoperative complications occurred. CONCLUSION: When used to treat benign gynecologic tumors and early stage gynecologic cancers, the single-site da Vinci robotic surgery is feasible, safe, and produces favorable surgical outcomes.

Urine leak in minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: analysis of risk factors and role of intraoperative ureteral catheterization

Purpose To investigate risk factors for urine leak in patients undergoing minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and to determine the role of intraoperative ureteral catheterization in preventing this postoperative complication. Materials and Methods MIPN procedures done from September 1999 to July 2012 at our Center were reviewed from our IRB-approved database. Patient and tumor characteristics, operative techniques and outcomes were analyzed. Patients with evidence of urine leak were identified. Outcomes were compared between patients with preoperative ureteral catheterization (C-group) and those without (NC-group). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors predicting postoperative urine leak. Results A total of 1,019 cases were included (452 robotic partial nephrectomy cases and 567 laparoscopic partial nephrectomy cases). Five hundred twenty eight patients (51.8%) were in the C-group, whereas 491 of them (48.2%) in the NC-group. Urine leak occurred in 31(3%) cases, 4.6% in the C-group and 1.4% in the NC-group (p<0.001). Tumors in NC-group had significantly higher RENAL score, shorter operative and warm ischemic times. On multivariable analysis, tumor proximity to collecting system (OR=9.2; p<0.01), surgeon’s early operative experience (OR=7.8; p<0.01) and preoperative moderate to severe CKD (OR=3.1; p<0.01) significantly increased the odds of the occurrence of a postoperative urine leak. Conclusion Clinically significant urine leak after MIPN in a high volume institution setting is uncommon. This event is more likely to occur in cases of renal masses that are close to the collecting system, in patients with preoperative CKD and when operating surgeon is still in the learning curve for the procedure. Our findings suggest that routine intraoperative ureteral catheterization during MIPN does not reduce the probability of postoperative urine leak. In addition, it adds to the overall ...

Complications and Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plating for Proximal Humeral Fractures

BACKGROUND: The minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique using periarticular locking plates may be a good option for the repair of displaced proximal humeral fractures. However, axillary nerve complications related to this technique may be underestimated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of the minimally invasive plating, focusing on the complications. METHODS: The records of 21 consecutive patients treated for proximal humerus fractures using the MIPO technique with locking plates were retrospectively reviewed. These patients were treated between March 2009 and March 2011 with a minimum one-year follow-up. The clinical function, complications, and radiological bony union were evaluated. RESULTS: All of the patients, with one exception, showed at least 90 degrees of flexion and abduction at the shoulder joint six months postoperatively. The average Constant scores at three months, six months, and one year follow-ups were 74.0 (range, 62 to 90), 79.4 (range, 64 to 91), and 82.7 (range, 66 to 92), respectively. All of the patients achieved bony union within the average of 3.2 months (range, 2 to 6 months). There was one case of delayed union, one case of intra-articular screw penetration, and one case of axillary nerve paresis (incomplete injury), which did not completely recover during the one year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The MIPO technique using periarticular locking plates is a useful option for the treatment of selected cases of displaced proximal humeral fractures. However, nerve complications such as axillary nerve paresis should be considered along with implant-related complications when choosing patients for minimally invasive plating.

Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Injury after Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: We intended to clarify the hypothesis that minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (MI-THA) leads to less tissue damage and inflammatory response than does conventional total hip arthroplasty (C-THA). METHODS: We performed 30 cases of THA between September 2005 and May 2006 and evaluated these cases prospectively. We chose 15 MI-THA cases for the study group and another 15 C-THA cases for the control group. We checked skeletal muscle marker enzymes, such as serum creatinine kinase and aldolase, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and 8, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) the day before surgery and at postoperative days 1, 7, and 14. RESULTS: On postoperative days 1 and 3, the study group showed significantly lower serum creatinine kinase, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra values than those in the control group. Additionally, IL-8 was significantly lower on day 7 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that MI-THA decreased the release of muscle marker enzymes due to tissue damage immediately after surgery and minimized the inflammatory response related to the surgery during the early postoperative period.

Current Status of Cryotherapy for Prostate and Kidney Cancer

In terms of treating diseases, minimally invasive treatment has become a key element in reducing perioperative complications. Among the various minimally invasive treatments, cryotherapy is often used in urology to treat various types of cancers, especially prostate cancer and renal cancer. In prostate cancer, the increased incidence of low-risk, localized prostate cancer has made minimally invasive treatment modalities an attractive option. Focal cryotherapy for localized unilateral disease offers the added benefit of minimal morbidities. In renal cancer, owing to the increasing utilization of cross-sectional imaging, nearly 70% of newly detected renal masses are stage T1a, making them more susceptible to minimally invasive nephron-sparing therapies including laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy and ablative therapies. This article reviews the various outcomes of cryotherapy compared with other treatments and the possible uses of cryotherapy in surgery.

Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for Open Fractures of the Proximal Tibia

BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have addressed plate osteosynthesis for open proximal tibial fractures by now. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for open fractures of the proximal tibia. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with an open proximal tibial fracture were treated by MIPO. Thirty of these, who followed for over 1 year, constituted the subject of this retrospective study. According to the AO Foundation and Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO-OTA) classification, there were 3 patients of type 41-C, 6 of type 42-A, 8 of type 42-B, and 13 of type 42-C. In terms of the Gustilo and Anderson's open fracture grading system, 11 patients were of grade I, 6 were of grade II, and 13 were of grade III (III-A, 6; III-B, 6; III-C, 1). After thorough debridement and wound cleansing, when necessary, a soft tissue flap was placed. Primary MIPO (simultaneous plate fixation with soft tissue procedures) was performed in 18 patients, and staged MIPO (temporary external fixation followed by soft tissue procedures and subsequent conversion to plate fixation after soft tissue healing) was performed in 12 patients. Results were assessed according to the achievement and time to union, complications (including infections), and function of the knee joint using Knee Society scores. Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors influencing results. RESULTS: Primary union was achieved by 24 of the 30 study subjects. Early bone grafting was performed in 6 cases with a massive initial bone defect expected to result in non-union. No patient had malalignment greater than 10degrees. The mean Knee Society score was 88.7 at final follow-up visits, 23 patients achieved an excellent result, and 7 a good result. There were 3 superficial and 5 deep infections, but none required early implant removal. Functional results were similar for primary and staged MIPO (p = 0.113). Fracture pattern (p = 0.089) and open fracture grade (p = 0.079) were not found to influence the results. CONCLUSIONS: If soft tissue coverage is adequately performed, MIPO could be regarded as an acceptable method for the treatment of open proximal tibial fracture.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty complications

Percutaneous vertebroplasty, among various other options, has become a mainstay in the management of osteoporotic and malignant vertebral fractures. The purpose of this article is to describe complications arising from the procedure, which can be classified as mild, which may include a temporary increase in pain and transient hypotension; moderate, including infection and extravasation of cement into the foraminal, epidural or dural space; and severe such as cement leakage in the paravertebral veins, leading to pulmonary embolism, cardiac perforation, cerebral embolism or even death. Vertebroplasty is not a procedure without complications. The article defines them and describes methods to minimize them

Miniesternotomia na cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica preserva função pulmonar pós-operatória / Ministernotomy in myocardial revascularization preserves postoperative pulmonary function

FUNDAMENTO: Na cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RM), a necessidade da esternotomia mediana tem sido considerada um fator para a redução de função pulmonar pós-operatória. OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente a função pulmonar no pós-operatório (PO) precoce de pacientes submetidos à RM sem circulação extracorpórea (CEC), comparando a esternotomia mediana convencional com a miniesternotomia. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 18 pacientes e alocados em dois grupos: Grupo esternotomia mediana convencional (EMC, n=10) e Grupo miniesternotomia (ME, n=8). Registros espirométricos da capacidade vital forçada (CVF) e do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) foram obtidos antes e no 1º, 3º e 5º dias de PO, e a gasometria arterial, antes e no 1º dia de PO. Também foram avaliados o percentual do shunt pulmonar e o escore de dor. RESULTADOS: Quando comparados em percentual do valor do pré-operatório, a CVF foi maior no grupo ME do que no grupo EMC no 1º, 3º e 5º dias de PO (p<0,001). Resultados similares foram encontrados para o VEF1. A recuperação da CVF entre o 1º e o 5º dia de PO foi maior no grupo EM do que no grupo EMC (p=0,043). A PaO2 diminuiu no 1º dia de PO em ambos os grupos (p<0,05), com maior queda no grupo EMC (p=0,002). O shunt aumentou nos dois grupos no 1º dia de PO (p<0,05), porém foi menor no grupo ME (p=0,02). A dor referida e a permanência hospitalar foram menores no grupo ME. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de RM por miniesternotomia apresentaram melhor preservação e recuperação da função pulmonar que os submetidos à esternotomia mediana.

BACKGROUND: In coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, the need to perform a midsternotomy has been considered a factor for the decrease in postoperative pulmonary function. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate early postoperative (PO) pulmonary function in patients submitted to off-pump CABG, comparing the conventional midsternotomy with the ministernotomy approach. METHODS: A total of 18 patients were evaluated and assigned to the two groups: Group Conventional Midsternotomy (CMS, n=10) and Group Ministernotomy (MS, n=8). Spirometric results of the forced vital capacity (FVC) and the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) were obtained on the 1st, 3rd and 5th PO days and the arterial gasometry was obtained before and on the 1st PO day. The pulmonary shunt percentage and the pain score were also assessed. RESULTS: When compared in terms of percentage of the preoperative value, the FVC was higher in the MS group than in the CMS group on the 1st, 3rd and 5th PO days (p<0.001). Similar results were obtained for FEV1. The recovery of the FVC between the 1st and the 5th PO days was higher in the MS than in the CMS group (p=0,043). The PaO2 decreased on the 1st PO day in both groups (p<0.05), with a higher decrease in the CMS group (p=0.002). The shunt increased in the two groups on the 1st PO day (p<0.05); however, it was lower in the MS group (p=0.02). The reported pain score was lower and the duration of the hospital stay was shorter in the MS group. CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to CABG by MS present better preservation and recovery of pulmonary function than those submitted to CMS.

Conjunctival inclusion cysts following small incision cataract surgery.

The occurrence of acquired conjunctival inclusion cysts following various ophthalmic surgeries such as strabismus surgery, scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, ptosis surgery and phacoemulsification has been reported. We report two cases of conjunctival inclusion cysts following manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) in two male patients aged 65 and 67 years. The cysts originated from the scleral tunnel used for manual SICS. Both were treated by excision and confirmed histopathologically. No recurrence was noted at three months follow-up. To our knowledge, conjunctival inclusion cysts following SICS have not been reported previously. Careful reflection of conjunctiva during tunnel construction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation may prevent their occurrence.

Tática de canulação em miniesternotomia superior para o tratamento cirúrgico de cardiopatias congênitas / Cannulation tatics in upper ministernotomy for the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease

INTRODUÇÃO: Descreveremos a técnica com a miniesternotomia superior em "L invertido" com canulação central para o tratamento de cardiopatias congênitas simples e apresenta os resultados iniciais. MÉTODOS: Foram operados 10 pacientes (idade média: 7 ± 4,2 anos; peso médio: 29,1 ± 13,5 kg), entre janeiro de 2006 e julho de 2007. RESULTADOS: Todos os defeitos foram corrigidos sem a necessidade de conversão para esternotomia total. Não ocorreu nenhum óbito ou complicação que necessitasse de reintervenção. CONCLUSÃO: A referida técnica demonstrou ser aplicável e segura na correção de determinadas cardiopatias congênitas com benefício estético e expectativa de menor deformidade torácica no futuro.

INTRODUCTION: The present report describes the technique for "inverted L" upper ministernotomy with central canulation for the treatment of simple congenital cardiopathies and presents the initial results. METHODS: Ten patients (mean age: 7 ± 4.2 years; mean weight 29.1 ± 13.5 kg) were operated on between January 2006 and July 2007. RESULTS: All defects were corrected. No death was observed and no complication that required reintervention occurred. CONCLUSION: The described technique showed to be feasible and safe for the correction of certain congenital cardiopathies, with less surgical trauma, besides the aesthetic benefit and an expectation of diminished thoracic deformity in the future.

Fístula faringoesofágica tras paratiroidectomía por abordaje mínimamente invasivo / Pharyngoesophageal fistula after minimally invasive parathyroidectomy

Introduction: Focused lateral approach is widely accepted for the surgery of solitary parathyroid adenomas, because it is a minimally invasive approach and its aesthetic advantages. Notwithstanding, when the pathlogical gland is not easily recognized, this approach difficults the search and makes more susceptible for iatrogenic lesions. Sometimes, PTH levels do not decrease up to 75 percent of initial values 15 minutes after the gland resection; a smaller decreasement do not exelude that the pathological gland has been already resected. Case report: A 69-years old man underwent a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Surgical act is complex, because of a difficult identification of the gland. In the postoperative course, the patient developed a pharyngoesophageal fístula that was successfully managed with a conservative approach.

Introducción: El abordaje unilateral en la cirugía del adenoma solitario de paratiroides está ampliamente aceptado por sus ventajas estéticas y ser un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo. Sin embargo, cuando la glándula patológica no es fácilmente detectada, dificulta mucho su búsqueda y facilita la iatrogenia. En ocasiones, los niveles de PTH no descienden al 75 por ciento del valor inicial 15 minutos después de la paratiroidectomía; un descenso menor del 75 por ciento no excluye que la glándula patológica haya sido extirpada. Caso clínico: Varón de 69 años es sometido a paratiroidectomía a través de un abordaje mínimamente invasivo. La cirugía es compleja y prolongada al no identificarse fácilmente la glándula paratiroides. En el postoperatorio el paciente presenta una fístula faringoesofágica que se se maneja satisfactoriamente de forma conservadora.

Cirugía torácica no cardíaca en pacientes mayores de 60 años: estudio de 7 años / Non-cardiac thoracic surgery in patients older than 60 years: study of 7 years

INTRODUCCIÓN. Es objetivo de esta presentación evaluar los resultados inmediatos de la cirugía torácica no cardíaca en pacientes mayores de 60 años, en un período de 7 años (1996 a 2002). MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en los Hospitales Universitarios Clinicoquirúrgicos Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez y General Calixto García Iñiguez. Se estudiaron todos los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por enfermedades torácicas no cardíacas, tomando en cuenta la conducta preoperatoria, transoperatoria y posoperatoria, así como la evolución del paciente, es decir, la ocurrencia de complicaciones y el estado del paciente al egreso. RESULTADOS. Se encontró un predominio de pacientes del sexo masculino. En el 23,80 por ciento de nuestros pacientes no hubo antecedentes patológicos personales positivos, ni de enfermedad ni de factores de riesgo. Los diagnósticos que motivaron más frecuentemente la intervención fueron el cáncer de pulmón y el de esófago. La modalidad de uso de antibiótico más frecuente fue la combinada. Se presentaron complicaciones en el 14,29 por ciento de los casos y la mortalidad fue de un 9,52 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES. El cáncer de esófago conllevó peores resultados en cuanto a complicaciones y al acto quirúrgico; la mayoría de las veces se operó con criterio paliativo o de irresecabilidad. La sepsis es una causa importante de complicación y de muerte en todos los casos(AU)

INTRODUCTION: aim of this paper is to assess immediate results of non-cardiac thoracic surgery performed in patients older than 60 years during 7 years (1996 to 2002). METHODS: Authors performed a retrospective study in Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez and Calixto García Iñiguez Clinical Surgical University Hospital. All patients operated on by non-cardiac thoracic diseases were studied, considering preoperative, transoperative and postoperative behavior as well as patient course, i.e., occurrence of complications, and patient status at discharge. RESULTS: There was a predominance of male patients. In 23, 80 percent of our patients there was neither positive personal pathological backgrounds nor disease nor risk factors. Diagnoses caused more frequently surgery were lung and esophagus cancer. The more frequent modality of antibiotics use was the combined one. There were complications in 14, 29 percent of cases, and mortality was of 9, 52 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Esophagus cancer had worse results regards complications and surgical procedure; most of time we operate on with a palliative or resectable criteria. Sepsis is a significant cause of complication and death in all the cases(AU)